See callum on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "calleō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "callōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "call"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "cal·lus"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cal"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "calo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "callo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "calo"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "caḍḍu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "callo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kaalo"
}
],
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "calo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kalnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kalnom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "*kal-",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "калити",
"3": "",
"4": "to harden, cool"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to harden, cool”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaletos",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलिका",
"3": "",
"4": "bud"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कलिका (kalikā, “bud”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, but possibly derived from Proto-Italic *kalnom, from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (perhaps via suffixed zero-grade *kl̥H-no-(m)); see also Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to harden, cool”), Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”), Sanskrit कलिका (kalikā, “bud”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "callī",
"links": [
[
"callī",
"calli"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callī",
"links": [
[
"callī",
"calli#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callōrum",
"links": [
[
"callōrum",
"callorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callō",
"links": [
[
"callō",
"callo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callīs",
"links": [
[
"callīs",
"callis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callō",
"links": [
[
"callō",
"callo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callīs",
"links": [
[
"callīs",
"callis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "callus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "callum<2>"
},
"expansion": "callum n (genitive callī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "callum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "callōsitās"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hard or thick substance."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-pMnTxDBe",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 27 11 12 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hardened, thick skin upon animal bodies, hide."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-n4veVDz6",
"links": [
[
"hardened",
"hardened"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"bodies",
"body"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "corium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "cutis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "pellis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "scortum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "hide",
"word": "tergus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hard skin or flesh of plants."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-DJZcEMhL",
"links": [
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hard covering of soil."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-xOLgpOnt",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A callus, induration."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-f7D9Po-n",
"links": [
[
"callus",
"callus"
],
[
"induration",
"induration"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 23 6 7 13 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 16 11 11 14 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 8 7 10 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity."
],
"id": "en-callum-la-noun-2uGnFhby",
"links": [
[
"Hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"callousness",
"callousness"
],
[
"insensibility",
"insensibility"
],
[
"stupidity",
"stupidity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkal.lũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkal.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "clāvus"
}
],
"word": "callum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "callum"
},
"expansion": "callum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calla"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative plural of calla"
],
"id": "en-callum-ang-noun-1p~BaV95",
"links": [
[
"calla",
"calla#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑl.lum/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɑɫ.ɫum]"
}
],
"word": "callum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calleō"
},
{
"word": "callōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "call"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "cal·lus"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cal"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "calo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "callo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "calo"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "caḍḍu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "callo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kaalo"
}
],
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "calo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kalnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kalnom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "*kal-",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "калити",
"3": "",
"4": "to harden, cool"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to harden, cool”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaletos",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कलिका",
"3": "",
"4": "bud"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कलिका (kalikā, “bud”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, but possibly derived from Proto-Italic *kalnom, from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (perhaps via suffixed zero-grade *kl̥H-no-(m)); see also Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to harden, cool”), Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”), Sanskrit कलिका (kalikā, “bud”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "callī",
"links": [
[
"callī",
"calli"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callī",
"links": [
[
"callī",
"calli#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callōrum",
"links": [
[
"callōrum",
"callorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callō",
"links": [
[
"callō",
"callo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callīs",
"links": [
[
"callīs",
"callis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callō",
"links": [
[
"callō",
"callo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "callīs",
"links": [
[
"callīs",
"callis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "callum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "callus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "callum<2>"
},
"expansion": "callum n (genitive callī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "callum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "callōsitās"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hard or thick substance."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hardened, thick skin upon animal bodies, hide."
],
"links": [
[
"hardened",
"hardened"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"bodies",
"body"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hard skin or flesh of plants."
],
"links": [
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hard covering of soil."
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"soil",
"soil"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A callus, induration."
],
"links": [
[
"callus",
"callus"
],
[
"induration",
"induration"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity."
],
"links": [
[
"Hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"callousness",
"callousness"
],
[
"insensibility",
"insensibility"
],
[
"stupidity",
"stupidity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkal.lũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkal.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "clāvus"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "corium"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "cutis"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "pellis"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "scortum"
},
{
"sense": "hide",
"word": "tergus"
}
],
"word": "callum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "callum"
},
"expansion": "callum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English noun forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calla"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative plural of calla"
],
"links": [
[
"calla",
"calla#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑl.lum/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɑɫ.ɫum]"
}
],
"word": "callum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for callum meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (callus): clāvus desc=callus rest=clāvus cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=True e2=False",
"path": [
"callum"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "callum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.